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1. 歐盟關於生物倫理的一些基本宣告
  Basic Information
Bioethics played a pivotal role in FP6 and was an integral part of both the Life Sciences, Genomics and Biotechnology for Health; and the Food Quality and Safety thematic priorities. Below is some basic information related to this overarching theme.

Promoting the integration of the ethical, legal, and social aspects into research projects.

Research in bioethics was an integral part of research projects funded under the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006), particularly in relation to:

Priority 1: Life Sciences, Genomics and Biotechnology

Priority 5: Food Quality and Safety

Experts in ethics and social sciences, whenever relevant, participated in research projects in areas such as genetic testing, stem cell research, biobanking, clinical trials, pharmacogenetics, population genetics, brain research, food safety, development of functional foods, sustainable production and food quality, and other related areas.

This type of integration contributed to:

facilitate the identification and analysis of ethical and social issues at the earliest possible stage of the research process. This should be done before the technologies are ready for use by society to avoid their rejection when brought to market

allow mutual education and dialogue in the context of each contributing discipline and its inherent approaches. It should also develop mechanisms to integrate ethics into the training of scientists and into their subsequent research and other fields of activities

ensure that ethicists have the means to assess continually the societal relevance and adequacy of scientific analyses and evaluations

ensure that due account is taken of the ethical and social concerns raised by European research and development (R&D), with special attention paid to our obligations towards future generations and towards other regions of the world

ensure that the general public is sufficiently informed about, and may actively engage in, the life sciences and biotechnology decision-making process in order to anticipate problems that cannot be properly addressed by concentrating exclusively on scientific and economic objectives.
Encouraging public dialogue and participation of stakeholders in research projects

Participants in research projects were encouraged to engage in an interactive dialogue involving all stakeholders (scientists and physicians, patients, consumers, industry, farmers, animal welfare organisations, ethicists, lawyers and others) and the public at large. It provided, at the European level, a bottom-up approach to the process of consensus forming around best ethical conduct involving academia, professional networks and societies, industry, and other stakeholders.


Fostering ethical awareness and foresight attention in research

All applicants were requested to address, in their application for funding, the potential ethical aspects of the proposed research project’s objectives, methodology, as well as the possible implications of the results. This should have justified the research design, explained how ethical requirements were fulfilled, and indicated the relevant national legal and regulatory requirements in the country or countries where the research took place. Rules for bioethics.

An ethical assessment took place for all proposals with the aim of evaluating the level of awareness among the applicants of the ethical and social implications of the research. Experts in ethics and the social sciences participated in the evaluation process.

A special ethical review were implemented for proposals dealing with specific and sensitive issues, such as the use of banked or isolated human embryonic stem cells in culture, human foetal tissue or cells, non human primates, or animal cloning, as well as (whenever recommended) following the ethical assessment during the scientific evaluation. Report on the stem cell research consultation [ – 493 kb] and report on biobanks consultation [ – 379 kb] (stores of biological samples).


Supporting specific actions to promote the debate on the ethical, legal, social and wider cultural aspects of the life sciences and biotechnology, as well as monitoring and evaluating their consequences

Support were provided for conferences, studies, as well as information and communication initiatives which may contribute to the implementation of the Action Plan on ‘Life Sciences and Biotechnology – A strategy for Europe’ and the European Research Area (ERA). It included foresight studies on the ethical, legal, social, and wider cultural aspects of the life sciences and biotechnology. This were alongside wider information and communication initiatives covering the analyses of the ethical issues at European level, the further development of training programmes in bioethics. This also included the development of ethical guidelines in areas such as genetic testing, pharmacogenomics, biobanks and the use of animals in research.

Helpdesk e-mails:

rtd-genomics-biotech@ec.europa.eu;
rtd-diseases@ec.europa.eu;
rtd-food@ec.europa.eu

Additional information can be found on the following webpages:
2. 歐盟有關於生物倫理的各式資料
  本網站具有相當多關於生物倫理的相關文獻與資料,約二三十筆實際的規定與文獻,相當值得參考.
3. Bioethics Centre at the University of Otago
  The Bioethics Centre at the University of Otago aims to encourage and co-ordinate teaching and research, to stimulate informed public debate, and to provide a consultation and resource service for health professionals and others in the community.
4. http://bioethics.net/
  This website has information on bioethics in all areas and countries. Bioethics news and events are constantly updated.
5. Access Excellence
  Access Excellence is a national educational program that provides health, biology and life science teachers access to their colleagues, scientists, and critical sources of new scientific information via the World Wide Web.
6. Bioethics International
  Bioethics International (BEI) is a nonprofit dedicated to empowering professionals and organizations in healthcare, life sciences and biotechnology to act responsibly - key to improving the quality of healthcare and lives.BEI achieves its mission by providing a bioethical framework to guide decision-making through tailored education, training and advisory programs. BEI is the leading provider of emergency/pandemic preparedness ethics programs for clinicians and hospitals
7. International Association of Bioethics
  The International Association of Bioethics aims to be truly international, linking all those working in bioethics and related fields, facilitating mutual contact, and encouraging the discussion of cross-cultural aspects in bioethics.
8. International Humanist and Ethical Union
  International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU) is the sole world umbrella organization embracing Humanist, atheist, rationalist, secularist, skeptic, ethical cultural, free thought and similar organizations world-wide.
9. Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs
  The Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs is a nonpartisan organization focusing on research and education on the intersection of ethics and international affairs.
10. International Bioethics Committee
  The International Bioethics Committee (IBC) is a body of 36 independent experts that follows progress in the life sciences and its applications in order to ensure respect for human dignity and freedom. The IBC provides the only global forum for in-depth bioethical reflection by exposing the issues at stake. It does not pass judgment on one position or another.
11. Appignani Bioethics Center
  The Appignani Bioethics Center concentrates on raising awareness of bioethical and scientific issues at local, state, national, and international levels. It is also A Project of the American Humanist Association www.americanhumanist.org.
12. Ethics & Medicine Journal
  Since 1984, Ethics & Medicine journal has tackled the tough issues of bioethics from an international perspective. The journal reasserts the Hippocratic consensus in medicine on the conviction that only a robust medical professionalism is able to withstand the challenges of emerging technologies and their clinical applications.
13. International Society of Bioethics
  The International Society of Bioethics (SIBI) is a society which aims to promote reflection, analysis and open discussion on Bioethical issues, as expressed in its Charter of Principles. One of its main tasks is to disseminate the Bioethics Convention of Asturias and study in depth its contents and those of its Protocols. The SIBI is legally, economically and administratively supported by the same-named Foundation.
14. Council of Europe
  The Council of Europe seeks to develop throughout Europe common and democratic principles based on the European Convention on Human Rights and other reference texts on the protection of individuals.
15. BioPharmaceutical Technology Center Institute
  The BioPharmaceutical Technology Center Institute (BTCI) is a not-for-profit organization operated exclusively for educational, scientific and cultural purposes.
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  (15) 德國各大學與醫院臨床倫理委員會
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